This is a band pass filter In band stop filter C2 is connected in between R1 and C1 (Requires inverting input) Low pass filter High Pass filter (LPF and HPF requires differential input) differentiation and integrator ADDER Subtractor (for integrator, differentiator,adder,subtractor requires inverting input) Diode logic Resistor transistor logic: dissipates more power 1}DCTL(direct coupled transistor logic):it is used for to save space 2}Resistor capacitor transistor logic:input resistor are parallel with capacitors Emitter coupled Logic: it uses NPN transistor in differential amplifier range of input voltages are used so BJT will not goes into saturation region it is due to very high switching speed also called common mode logic or current switch emmiter follower CMOS: it utilize power during transition in logic so it uses very less power Power Scale::P=@cv^2.....@ is activity factor CMOS have speed limitation due to in...
ARM7TDMI:thumb2 instruction set it is 2 bytes some 4 bytes thumb2 arm+thumb total 37 registers R0-R15 general purpose R13 stack R14 Link( lr (or r14) is used as a link register to store the return address ) by default data abort is handled when an application read or write an illegal memory location. You can calculate the illegal memory location using by subtracting 8 from the value in R14 (link register). Exceptions are processed in ARM state The SWI instruction causes a SWI exception. This means that the processor state changes to ARM , the processor mode changes to Supervisor, the CPSR is saved to the Supervisor Mode SPSR, and execution branches to the SWI vector ARMCM3: two states *debug state *thumb state 16 registers 13 GP 3 special purpose The ARM7TDMI core has a Von Neumann architecture, with a single 32-bit data bus carrying both instructions and data. Th...
RTOS NOTES Hard realtime OS has less jitter and Soft real time jitter has High jitter jitter : it is the time between two interrupt Event driven systems switch between tasks based on their priorities while time sharing systems switch the task based on clock interrupts. Most RTOS’s use a pre-emptive scheduling algorithm. The most common designs are Event-driven – switches tasks only when an event of higher priority needs servicing; called preemptive priority , or priority scheduling. Time-sharing – switches tasks on a regular clocked interrupt, and on events; called round robin . A task has three stages 1. Runing 2.Ready 3.Blocked(Waiting for an event,I/O for example) On simpler non-preemptive but still multitasking systems, a task has to give up its time on the CPU to other tasks, which can cause the ready queue to have a greater number of overall tasks in the ready to be executed state ( resource starvation ). laxity = Absolute deadline...
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