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Robotics Which of the following is not data type of python a. Dictionary        b. Boolean c. Tuple                d. Integer 2. what is full form of AGV Automated Grouped Vehicles      b. Alternative Guided Vehicles c.Automatic Guided Vehicles          d.All Time Guided Vehicles 3. Which part of the Robot provides motion to the manipulator and end-effectors ? A. Controller                       B. Sensor C. Actuator                           D. None of the above manipulator:it is a    manipulator  is a device used to manipulate materials without direct contact. end-effector: it means last link(or end) of robot generally in serial manipulating robots  Actuator:  an  actuator  is an electrom...

RTOS NOTES Hard realtime OS has less jitter and Soft real time jitter has High jitter  jitter : it is the time between two interrupt Event driven systems switch between tasks based on their priorities while time sharing systems switch the task based on clock interrupts. Most RTOS’s use a pre-emptive scheduling algorithm. The most common designs are Event-driven –  switches tasks  only when an event of higher priority needs servicing; called  preemptive priority , or priority scheduling. Time-sharing – switches tasks on a regular clocked interrupt, and on events; called  round robin . A task has three stages 1. Runing 2.Ready 3.Blocked(Waiting for an event,I/O for example) On simpler non-preemptive but still multitasking systems, a task has to give up its time on the CPU to other tasks, which can cause the ready queue to have a greater number of overall tasks in the ready to be executed state ( resource starvation ). laxity = Absolute deadline...

In prolog variable name is first letter is Capital while simple names is in small letter

  pseudo char dev driver   Semaphore VS Mutex VS Spinlock Similarity – All of these are used for synchronization Difference Mutex provides one person to access a single resource at a time, others must wait in a queue. Once this person is done, the guy next in the queue acquire the resource. So access is serial, one guy after other. Too aggressive. Semaphore are useful if multiple instances (N) of a resource is to be shared among a set of users. As soon as all N resources are acquired, any new requester has to wait. Since there is no single lock to hold, there is as such no ownership of a semaphore. Spinlock is an aggressive mutex. In mutex, if you find that resource is locked by someone else, you (the thread/process) switch the context and start to wait (non-blocking). Whereas spinlocks do not switch context and keep spinning. As soon as resource is free, they go and grab it. In this process of spinning, they consume many CPU cycles. Also, on a uni-process...

Features UART SPI I2C Full Form Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter Serial Peripheral Interface Inter-Integrated Circuit Interface Diagram Pin Designations TxD: Transmit Data RxD: Receive Data SCLK: Serial Clock MOSI: Master Output, Slave Input MISO: Master Input, Slave Output SS: Slave Select SDA: Serial Data SCL: Serial Clock Data rate As this is is asynchronous communication, data rate between two devices wanting to communicate should be set to equal value. Maximum data rate supported is about 230 Kbps to 460kbps. Maximum data rate limit is not specified in SPI interface. Usually supports about 10 Mbps to 20 Mbps I2C supports 100 kbps, 400 kbps, 3.4 Mbps. Some variants also supports 10 Kbps and 1 Mbps. Distance Lower about 50 feet highest Higher Type of communication Asynchronous Synchronous Synchronous Number of masters Not Application One One or more than One Clock No Common Clock signal is used. Both the devices will use there independent clocks. There is ...